{"id":32,"date":"2004-11-28T11:09:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-28T15:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=32"},"modified":"2005-03-28T07:19:23","modified_gmt":"2005-03-28T11:19:23","slug":"little-ice-age-lia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/archives\/2004\/11\/little-ice-age-lia\/","title":{"rendered":"Little Ice Age (“LIA”) Petit \u00c2ge Glaciaire<\/lang_fr>"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Term originally introduced in the late 1930s by Matthes (1939) to describe a broad interval of the late Holocene during which significant glacial advances were observed. In the climatological literature the LIA has now come to be used to characterize a more recent, shorter recent interval from around A.D. 1300 to 1450 until A.D. 1850 to 1900 during which regional evidence in Europe and elsewhere suggest generally cold conditions. Variations in the literature abound with regard to the precise definition, and the term is often used by paleoclimatologists and glaciologists without formal dates attached. The attribution of the term at regional scales is complicated by significant regional variations in temperature changes<\/a> due to the the influence of modes of climate variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation<\/a> and the El Nino\/Southern Oscillation<\/a>. Indeed, the utility of the term in describing past climate changes at regionalTerme employ\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois a la fin des ann\u00e9es 1930 par Matthes (1939) pour d\u00e9crire une large p\u00e9riode de temps de la fin de l’Holocene, p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle des avanc\u00e9es significatives des glaciers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es. Dans les revues de climatologie, le Petit \u00c2ge Glaciaire est utilis\u00e9 d\u00e9sormais pour caract\u00e9riser un intervalle r\u00e9cent allant d’environ 1300-1450 ans ap. J.C. jusqu’\u00e0 environ 1850-1900, p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle des conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement froides sont observ\u00e9es en Europe et ailleurs. La d\u00e9finition exacte de cette p\u00e9riode varie dans la litt\u00e9rature scientifique, et ce terme est souvent employ\u00e9 par les pal\u00e9oclimatologues et les glaciologues sans que des dates pr\u00e9cises ne le contraigne.
\n(suite…)<\/a><\/lang_fr> scales has been questioned [see e.g. Jones, P.D., Mann, M.E., Climate Over Past Millennia<\/a>, Reviews of Geophysics<\/i>, 42, RG2002, doi: 10.1029\/2003RG000143, 2004 and references therein.] A number of myths or exaggerations can still be found in the literature with regard to the details of this climate period [see Jones and Mann, 2004]. These include the citation of frost fairs on the River Thames as evidence of extreme cold conditions in England. Thames freeze-overs (and sometimes frost fairs) only occurred 22 times between 1408 and 1814 [Lamb, 1977] when the old London Bridge constricted flow through its multiple piers and restricted the tide with a weir. After the Bridge was replaced in the 1830s the tide came further upstream and freezes no longer occurred, despite a number of exceptionally cold winters. Winter 1962\/3, for example, was the third coldest winter recorded in instrumental records extending back to 1659, yet the river only froze upstream of the present tidal limit. It is also sometimes claimed that the extreme cold of the “Little Ice Age” impeded the navigation of a Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic during the early 19th century. However, an exhaustive study of 19th century explorer logs for the region yields no evidence of conditions that would be considered unusually cold by modern standards.<\/p>\n

See also “Medieval Warm Period”<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L’attribution de ce terme aux \u00e9chelles r\u00e9gionales est compliqu\u00e9 par des variations significatives a cette \u00e9chelle spatiale des changements de temp\u00e9rature, changements dus a l’influence de modes de variabilit\u00e9 climatique comme l’Oscillation Nord Atlantique et l’El Ni\u00f1o-Oscillation Australe<\/a>. En effet, l’utilit\u00e9 de ce terme pour la description de changements a l’\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en cause (voir par exemple : Jones, P.D., Mann, M.E., Climate Over Past Millennia<\/a>, Reviews of Geophysics<\/i>, 42, RG2002, doi: 10.1029\/2003RG000143, 2004 et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences incluses). Un certain nombre de “mythes” ou exag\u00e9rations peuvent toujours \u00eatre trouv\u00e9s dans la litt\u00e9rature au sujet de cette p\u00e9riode climatique [voir Jones and Mann, 2004]. Celles-ci incluent par exemple les p\u00e9riodes de glaciation de la Tamise (NdT : pour plus de d\u00e9tails se reporter a la d\u00e9finition originale). Il est \u00e9galement sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que le froid extr\u00eame du “Petit \u00c2ge Glaciaire” emp\u00eacha la navigation dans le passage du Nord-Ouest au d\u00e9but du 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, mais une \u00e9tude exhaustive des relev\u00e9s des explorateurs dans la r\u00e9gion ne fournit aucune \u00e9vidence indicatrice de conditions anormalement froides en regard des conditions modernes.<\/lang_fr><\/p>\n\n<\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Term originally introduced in the late 1930s by Matthes (1939) to describe a broad interval of the late Holocene during which significant glacial advances were observed. In the climatological literature the LIA has now come to be used to characterize a more recent, shorter recent interval from around A.D. 1300 to 1450 until A.D. 1850 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-glossary","7":"entry"},"aioseo_notices":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realclimate.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}