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You are here: Home / Extras / Glossary / General Circulation Model (“GCM”) Modele de Circulation Générale (MCG – “GCM”)

General Circulation Model (“GCM”) Modele de Circulation Générale (MCG – “GCM”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Typically refers to a three-dimensional model of the global atmosphere used in climate modeling (often erroneously called “Global Climate Model”). This term often requires additional qualification (e.g., as to whether or not the atmosphere is fully coupled to an ocean–see ‘Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model’).

The length scales that are resolved in these models is typically on the order of 100s of kilometers (i.e. features that size or smaller are not directly resolved). The timestep for the models (how often the fields are updated) is usually 20 minutes to an hour. Thus in any day there would be 24 to 72 loops of the main calculations.

The basic variables are the temperature, humidity, liquid/ice water content and atmospheric mass. The physics usually consists of advection, radiation calculations, surface fluxes (latent, sensible heat etc.), convection, turbulence and clouds. More elaborate Earth System models often contain tracers related to atmospheric chemistry and aerosols (including dust and sea salt).

Modele tri-dimensionnel global de l’atmosphere utilisé en modélisation climatique (souvent faussement nommé “Modele Climatique Global”). Ce terme générique est souvent précisé par des informations complémentaires (comme par exemple quand ce modele est couplé a l’ocean – voir “Modele de Circulation Générale Océan-Atmosphere”

Les échelles de distances résolues dans ces modeles sont typiquement de l’ordre de la centaine de kilometres (c.a.d. que les caracteristiques de cette taille ou plus petites ne sont pas directement resolues). La résolution temporelle de ces modeles (fréquence de calcul des différents champs) est comprise en général entre 20 minutes et une heure. Ainsi, pour une journée, les calculs principaux seront effectués entre 24 et 72 fois.

Les variables fondamentales d’un modele sont le temperature, l’humidité, la fraction liquide/glace de l’eau et la masse atnosphérique. La physique du modele prend en compte l’advection, les calculs de radiations, les flux de surface (chaleur latente, sensible, etc…), la convection, turbulence, et les nuages. Les modeles les plus elaborés du Systeme Terre contiennent souvent des marqueurs liés a la chimie atmospherique et aux aerosols (incluant les poussieres et le sel de mer).

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