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Climate modelling

Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a good idea Voici pourquoi rechercher le réchauffement global dans les océans est pertinent

23 Feb 2005 by Gavin

A lot of press and commentary came out this week concerning a presentation and press release from Tim Barnett and Scripps colleagues presenting at the AAAS meeting (The Independent, John Fleck ,(and again) David Appell…etc). Why did this get so much attention given that there is no actual paper yet?
par Gavin Schmidt (traduit par Pierre Allemand)

Un grand nombre d’articles de presse et de commentaires sont sortis cette semaine concernant une présentation et un communiqué de presse de Tim Barnett, Scripps et collègues au congrès de l’AAAS (American Society for the Advancement of Science), (The Independent, John Fleck ,(et de nouveau ici) David Appell…etc. (NdT : sites en anglais). Pourquoi cela a-t-il donné lieu à autant d’attention, alors qu’aucune publication n’est encore disponible ?

(suite…)


[Read more…] about Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a good idea Voici pourquoi rechercher le réchauffement global dans les océans est pertinent

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, Oceans

Exeter conference: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Conférence d’Exeter (G-B): éviter un changement climatique dangereux

7 Feb 2005 by group

The conference last week in Exeter on “Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change” grew out of a speech by UK Prime Minister Tony Blair. He asked “What level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is self-evidently too much?” and “What options do we have to avoid such levels?”. The first question is very interesting, but also very difficult. As Roger Pielke has noted the conference organisers actually choose three “key questions”:

  1. For different levels of climate change what are the key impacts, for different regions and sectors, and for the world as a whole?
  2. What would such levels of climate change imply in terms of greenhouse gas stabilisation concentrations and emission pathways required to achieve such levels?
  3. What technological options are there for achieving stabilisation of greenhouse gases at different stabilisation concentrations in the atmosphere, taking into account costs and uncertainties?

It is worth thinking about the difference between the initial aim and the “key questions” chosen. Question 1 is essentially IPCC WGII impacts); question 2 is firmly WGI (how-much-climate-change); question 3 is fairly WG III (mitigation, including technical options). I guess they switched questions 1 and 2 round to avoid making the identification too obvious. The conference steering committee report makes it very clear that they are building on the IPCC TAR foundation.


Par William Connoley (traduit par Thibault de Garidel)

La conférence ayant eu lieu la semaine dernière à Exeter intitulée “Eviter un changement climatique dangereux” a pour origine un discours du premier ministre britannique Tony Blair. Celui-ci avait alors posé deux questions “quel niveau de concentration de gaz à effet de serre dans l’atmosphère peut être considéré comme excessif ?” et “quelles options avons-nous pour éviter de tels niveaux ?”. La première question est très intéressante, mais également problématique. Comme Roger Pielke l’a noté, les organisateurs de cette conférence ont en fait choisi trois “questions principales” :

1. Pour différents niveaux de changement climatique, quels sont les impacts principaux, pour les différentes régions et secteurs, et pour le monde entier ?
2. Pour que de tels niveaux de changement climatique soient atteints, quelles sont les implications en terme de stabilisation des concentrations en gaz à effet de serre, et des options d’émission ?
3. Quelles options technologiques existent pour arriver à stabiliser les gaz à effet de serre à différentes concentrations, en tenant compte des coûts et incertitudes?

(suite…)

[Read more…] about Exeter conference: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Conférence d’Exeter (G-B): éviter un changement climatique dangereux

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases

11ºC warming, climate crisis in 10 years? 11ºC de réchauffement, une crise climatique dans 10 ans ?

29 Jan 2005 by Gavin

by Gavin Schmidt and Stefan Rahmstorf

Two stories this week, a paper in Nature (Stainforth et al, 2005) describing preliminary results of the climateprediction.net experiments, and the Meeting the Climate Challenge report from a high level political group have lead to dramatic headlines. On the Nature paper, BBC online reported that “temperatures around the world could rise by as much as 11ºC “; on the latter report it headlined: “Climate crisis near ‘in 10 years’”. Does this mean there is new evidence that climate change is more serious than previously thought? We think not.


par Gavin Schmidt et Stefan Rahmstorf (traduit par Thibault de Garidel et Gilles Delaygue)

Deux travaux sortis cette semaine, un papier publié dans Nature (Stainforth et al., 2005) décrivant des résultats préliminaires de l’expérience climateprediction.net, et le rapport Meeting the Climate Challenge d’un groupe politique, ont mené à des titres catastrophistes dans les médias. Sur l’article de Nature, BBC on line indique que les “températures globales pourraient s’élever de près de 11ºC”; sur le second rapport il est écrit: “Une crise climatique proche pour dans 10 ans”. [N-d-T. : Voir également Le Monde : Un réchauffement climatique de plus de 6ºC n’est plus à exclure ; Libération : Prédire chez soi]. Cela signifie-t-il que de nouvelles preuves montrent un changement climatique plus sérieux que précédemment estimé ? Nous ne le pensons pas.

(suite…)

[Read more…] about 11ºC warming, climate crisis in 10 years? 11ºC de réchauffement, une crise climatique dans 10 ans ?

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases, Paleoclimate

Global Dimming II Assombrissement Global II

19 Jan 2005 by group

Guest commentary on BBC documentary on “Global Dimming” aired on January 13th 2005 by Beate Liepert, LDEO, Columbia University

I haven’t yet seen the documentary. I have only read the transcript and hence was spared the pictures of the potential apocalypse and the invocation of biblical-scale famines. However, as one of the lead scientists on the topic [and who was interviewed by the BBC for the Horizon documentary (transcript, previous post)], I feel I should explain a few things about it without using religious analogies and stoking unnecessary fear.

First though, this is a nice example of the power of words: Gerry Stanhill coined the observed reduction in solar energy reaching the ground “global dimming”. He called it “global” dimming because the technical term for the radiative energy is called “global solar radiation” and it contrasts nicely with the more common “global warming”.


par Beate Liepert, LDEO, Columbia University (traduit par Pierre Allemand)

Je n’ai pas encore vu le documentaire. J’ai seulement lu la transcription, et je n’ai donc pas été touché par les images d’une apocalypse potentielle et par l’évocation de famines à l’échelle biblique. Cependant, en tant que l’un des scientifiques leader du sujet, [et qui a été interviewé par la BBC pour le documentaire de la série Horizon, (transcription et article précédent)], je me sens dans l’obligation d’approfondir quelques détails sans utiliser d’analogie religieuse ni déclencher d’inutiles inquiétudes.

Première idée : voici un bel exemple du pouvoir des mots : Gerry Stanhill qualifie la réduction observée de l’énergie solaire atteignant le sol, d’ “assombrissement global”. Il l’a appelé assombrissement “global” parce que le terme technique pour l’énergie de radiation est “rayonnement solaire global” et il s’oppose ainsi élégamment au terme plus courant de “réchauffement global”.
(suite…)
[Read more…] about Global Dimming II Assombrissement Global II

Filed Under: Aerosols, Climate modelling, Climate Science

Is Climate Modelling Science? La modélisation climatique est-elle de la science?

12 Jan 2005 by Gavin

At first glance this seems like a strange question. Isn’t science precisely the quantification of observations into a theory or model and then using that to make predictions? Yes. And are those predictions in different cases then tested against observations again and again to either validate those models or generate ideas for potential improvements? Yes, again. So the fact that climate modelling was recently singled out as being somehow non-scientific seems absurd.
par Gavin Schmidt (traduit par Gilles Delaygue)

A première vue, cela semble une question étrange. Est-ce-que la science n’est pas précisément la quantification d’observations dans une théorie ou un modèle, et ensuite son utilisation pour faire des prédictions ? Oui. Et est-ce-que ces prédictions de différents cas sont ensuite confrontées, maintes fois, aux observations, afin soit de valider ces modèles ou bien de faire émerger des idées d’amélioration ? Oui, encore une fois. Ainsi la mise à l’index récente de la modélisation climatique comme quelque chose de non scientifique semble absurde.

(suite…)

[Read more…] about Is Climate Modelling Science? La modélisation climatique est-elle de la science?

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, FAQ, Paleoclimate, Sun-earth connections

Senator Inhofe on Climate Change

10 Jan 2005 by group

by Michael Mann, Stefan Rahmstorf, Gavin Schmidt, Eric Steig, and William Connolley

Senator James Inhofe (R) of Oklahoma recently provided us with an update of his views on the issue of climate change in a speech given on the opening senate session, January 4, 2005. His speech opened with the statement:

As I said on the Senate floor on July 28, 2003, “much of the debate over global warming is predicated on fear, rather than science.” I called the threat of catastrophic global warming the “greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people,” a statement that, to put it mildly, was not viewed kindly by environmental extremists and their elitist organizations.

Cutting through much of his polemic, Inhofe’s speech contains three lines of scientific argument which, according to him, provide “compelling new scientific evidence” that anthropogenic global warming is not threatening. We here submit his statements to scrutiny.
[Read more…] about Senator Inhofe on Climate Change

Filed Under: Arctic and Antarctic, Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases, Paleoclimate

Michael Crichton’s State of Confusion II: Return of the Science

15 Dec 2004 by mike

Our first post on Crichton’s new novel “State of Fear” hits most of the key points, though there are a few more errors in the book that we hope to expand upon in future posts.

But for those of you uninterested in buying and reading the book, you can actually find a similar-minded opinion piece by Crichton criticizing climate science (and everything from SETI and the “Drake Equation” to Carl Sagan in the process) here in the public domain.

[Read more…] about Michael Crichton’s State of Confusion II: Return of the Science

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases, Instrumental Record

Michael Crichton’s State of Confusion L’état de confusion de Michael Crichton

13 Dec 2004 by Gavin

In a departure from normal practice on this site, this post is a commentary on a piece of out-and-out fiction (unlike most of the other posts which deal with a more subtle kind). Michael Crichton’s new novel “State of Fear” is about a self-important NGO hyping the science of the global warming to further the ends of evil eco-terrorists. The inevitable conclusion of the book is that global warming is a non-problem. A lesson for our times maybe? Unfortunately, I think not.

par Gavin Schmidt (traduit par Alain Henry)

Ce message s’écarte des pratiques habituelles de ce site pour commenter une pièce de pure fiction (au contraire des autres messages qui abordent le sujet sous un angle plus subtil). Le nouveau roman de Michael Crichton, « Etat d’urgence » raconte comment une ONG encourage la recherche scientifique sur le réchauffement global pour servir les objectifs de méchants éco-terroristes. Le roman nous amène inévitablement à la conclusion que le réchauffement global est un faux problème. Une leçon pour notre époque? Malheureusement, je ne le pense pas.
(suite….)


[Read more…] about Michael Crichton’s State of Confusion L’état de confusion de Michael Crichton

Filed Under: Arctic and Antarctic, Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases, Instrumental Record, Reviews

The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment III

5 Dec 2004 by Gavin

Does the ACIA overstate the problem of ozone depletion? The overview report states that the “stratospheric ozone layer over the Arctic is not expected to improve significantly for at least a few decades”. This is partly because CFC concentrations (that enhance stratospheric ozone destruction) are only expected to decrease slowly as a function of restrictions imposed by the Montreal Protocol and subsequent amendments. Another factor is the fact that stratospheric temperatures are generally cooling as greenhouse gases increase (see MSU Temperature Record, also Why does the stratosphere cool when the troposphere warms?). Due to the temperature dependence on the rates of chemical reactions involving ozone, cooler temperatures also lead to more ozone destruction. Stratospheric temperatures, particularly near the pole are also significantly influenced by dynamical changes, and in particular, the strength of the [Read more…] about The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment III

Filed Under: Arctic and Antarctic, Climate modelling, Climate Science

Temperature Variations in Past Centuries and the so-called "Hockey Stick" Variations de température sur les derniers siècles et la "crosse de hockey"

4 Dec 2004 by mike

Instrumental data describing large-scale surface temperature changes are only available for roughly the past 150 years. Estimates of surface temperature changes further back in time must therefore make use of the few long available instrumental records or historical documents and natural archives or ‘climate proxy’ indicators, such as tree rings, corals, ice cores and lake sediments, and historical documents to reconstruct patterns of past surface temperature change. Due to the paucity of data in the Southern Hemisphere, recent studies have emphasized the reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere (NH) mean, rather than global mean temperatures over roughly the past 1000 years.


par Mike Mann (traduit par Gilles Delaygue)
Les données intrumentales décrivant les changements à grande échelle de la température de surface ne sont disponibles que pour les derniers 150 ans environ. Pour estimer des changements de température de surface antérieurs, il faut ainsi utiliser les quelques longs enregistrements disponibles, ou des documents historiques, ainsi que des archives naturelles ou proxies climatiques, comme les cernes d’arbres, coraux, carottes de glace et sédiments lacustres, pour reconstruire les changements de température dans le passé. En raison de la rareté des données dans l’hémisphère sud, les études récentes ont été focalisées sur les reconstructions de moyennes pour l’hémisphère nord, plutôt que globales, sur les derniers 1000 ans environ.

[Read more…] about Temperature Variations in Past Centuries and the so-called "Hockey Stick" Variations de température sur les derniers siècles et la "crosse de hockey"

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases, Paleoclimate, Sun-earth connections

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