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You are here: Home / Extras / Glossary / Forçages

Forçages

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (English)
English

Les forçages aux sens climatique du terme, correspondent aux conditions aux limites ou “entrées” (input du modèle climatique. Les changements de rayonnement solaire sont évidemment externes, de telle manière qu’ils forment toujours un forçage. C’est également vrai pour les changements de l’orbite terrestre (“Cycles de Milankovitch”). Par contre, cette définition est plus ambiguë quand on se rapproche de la surface de la planète. Dans les modèles n’incluant pas le cycle du carbone (c’est a dire la majorité), la concentration du CO2 est fixée en externe, ce qui peut donc être considéré comme un forçage également. Par contre, dans les modèles qui incluent le cycle du carbone, les changements de concentration en CO2 seront fonction du climat et des changements liés a l’activité industrielle. Dans ce cas, les niveaux de CO2 seront des rétroactions, et non pas des forçages. Presque tous les éléments constitutifs de l’atmosphère peuvent être considérées comme des rétroactions, et donc définir un forçage est réellement dépendant des rétroactions possibles dans le modèle, et dans quel but il est utilisé. Une bonne discussion des forçages récents peut être trouvée dans Hansen et al (2002) et dans Schmidt et al (2004).

Filed Under: Glossary

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