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Climate Science

OK, But we do know it was warmer than present 6000 years ago, don’t we? Sommes nous sûrs qu’il faisait plus chaud il y a 6000 ans ?

8 Dec 2004 by mike

This is yet another oft-repeated but problematic assertion based in this case on the mis-characterization of the so-called Mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum” or “Mid-Holocene Warm Period”. Paleoclimate experts now know that the mid-Holocene warmth centered roughly 8000 to 6000 years ago was probably restricted to high latitudes and certain seasons (summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere). Because much of the early paleoclimate evidence that was available (for example, fossil pollen assemblages) came from the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, and is largely reflective of summer conditions, decades ago some scientists believed that this was a time of globally warmer conditions. More abundant evidence now demonstrates, for example, that the tropical regions were cooler over much of the year.

par Michael Mann (traduit par Thibault de Garidel)

Cette assertion est très souvent répétée mais reste problématique en raison de la mauvaise caractérisation de cette période appelée ““Optimum climatique de l’Holocène moyen” ou “période chaude de l’Holocène moyen”. Les experts des paléoclimats, savent maintenant que cette phase chaude à l’Holocène (il y a approximativement 8000 à 6000 ans) était probablement limitée aux hautes latitudes et à certaines saisons (été dans l’hémisphère nord et hiver dans l’hémisphère sud). Comme la majorité des indicateurs du climat passé disponibles (comme par exemple, assemblages de pollens fossiles) provenaient des latitudes moyennes à hautes de l’hémisphère Nord, et étaient diagnostiques des condition climatiques d’été, certains scientifiques ont cru que cette période de temps était plus chaude globalement. Cependant, désormais, de nombreuses études montrent que les régions tropicales étaient plus fraîches pendant la plus grande partie de l’année.
(suite…)

[Read more…] about OK, But we do know it was warmer than present 6000 years ago, don’t we? Sommes nous sûrs qu’il faisait plus chaud il y a 6000 ans ?

Filed Under: Climate Science, FAQ, Paleoclimate

Are Temperature Trends affected by Economic Activity?

8 Dec 2004 by rasmus

In a recent paper, McKitrick and Michaels (2004, or “MM04”) argue that non-climatic factors such as economic activity may contaminate climate station data, and thus, may render invalid any estimates of surface tem­perature trends derived from these data. They propose that surface temperature trends may be linked to various local economic factors, such as national coal consumption, income per capita, GPD growth rate, literacy rates, and whether or not temperature stations were located within the former Soviet Union. If their conclusions were correct, this would hold implications for the reliability of the modern surface temperature record, an important piece of evidence indicating 20th century surface warming. However, numerous flaws with their analysis, some of them absolutely fundamental, render their conclusions invalid.

[Read more…] about Are Temperature Trends affected by Economic Activity?

Filed Under: Instrumental Record

The Surface Temperature Record and the Urban Heat Island

6 Dec 2004 by group

There are quite a few reasons to believe that the surface temperature record – which shows a warming of approximately 0.6°-0.8°C over the last century (depending on precisely how the warming trend is defined) – is essentially uncontaminated by the effects of urban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. These include that the land, borehole and marine records substantially agree; and the fact that there is little difference between the long-term (1880 to 1998) rural (0.70°C/century) and full set of station temperature trends (actually less at 0.65°C/century). This and other information lead the IPCC to conclude that the UHI effect makes at most a contribution of 0.05°C to the warming observed over the past century.

[Read more…] about The Surface Temperature Record and the Urban Heat Island

Filed Under: Instrumental Record

Recent Warming But No Trend in Galactic Cosmic Rays

6 Dec 2004 by rasmus

There is little evidence for a connection between solar activity (as inferred from trends in galactic cosmic rays) and recent global warming. Since the paper by Friis-Christensen and Lassen (1991), there has been an enhanced controversy about the role of solar activity for earth’s climate. Svensmark (1998) later proposed that changes in the inter-planetary magnetic fields (IMF) resulting from variations on the sun can affect the climate through galactic cosmic rays (GCR) by modulating earth’s cloud cover. Svensmark and others have also argued that recent global warming has been a result of solar activity and reduced cloud cover. Damon and Laut have criticized their hypothesis and argue that the work by both Friis-Christensen and Lassen and Svensmark contain serious flaws. For one thing, it is clear that the GCR does not contain any clear and significant long-term trend (e.g. Fig. 1, but also in papers by Svensmark).

[Read more…] about Recent Warming But No Trend in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Filed Under: Climate Science, Sun-earth connections

The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment

5 Dec 2004 by Stefan

In early November 2004 the results of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) were published, a uniquely detailed regional study compiled by 300 scientists over 3 years. The study describes the ongoing climate change in the Arctic and its consequences: rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, unprecedented melting of the Greenland ice sheet, and many impacts on ecosystems, animals and people. The ACIA is the first comprehensively researched, fully referenced, and independently reviewed evaluation of arctic climate change and its impacts for the region and for the world.

Sadly, in recent years we have become accustomed to a ritual in which the publication of each new result on anthropogenic climate change is greeted by a flurry of activity from industry-funded lobby groups, think tanks and PR professionals, who try to discredit the science and confuse the public about global warming.

[Read more…] about The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment

Filed Under: Arctic and Antarctic, Climate Science, Paleoclimate

The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment II

5 Dec 2004 by Gavin

Another apparent ‘refutation’ appears in a CNS news story (a right-wing internet news service). The piece is predominantly an interview with Pat Michaels and other less prominent skeptics. We take their scientific points one at a time:

[Read more…] about The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment II

Filed Under: Arctic and Antarctic, Climate Science

The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment III

5 Dec 2004 by Gavin

Does the ACIA overstate the problem of ozone depletion? The overview report states that the “stratospheric ozone layer over the Arctic is not expected to improve significantly for at least a few decades”. This is partly because CFC concentrations (that enhance stratospheric ozone destruction) are only expected to decrease slowly as a function of restrictions imposed by the Montreal Protocol and subsequent amendments. Another factor is the fact that stratospheric temperatures are generally cooling as greenhouse gases increase (see MSU Temperature Record, also Why does the stratosphere cool when the troposphere warms?). Due to the temperature dependence on the rates of chemical reactions involving ozone, cooler temperatures also lead to more ozone destruction. Stratospheric temperatures, particularly near the pole are also significantly influenced by dynamical changes, and in particular, the strength of the [Read more…] about The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment III

Filed Under: Arctic and Antarctic, Climate modelling, Climate Science

Temperature Variations in Past Centuries and the so-called "Hockey Stick" Variations de température sur les derniers siècles et la "crosse de hockey"

4 Dec 2004 by mike

Instrumental data describing large-scale surface temperature changes are only available for roughly the past 150 years. Estimates of surface temperature changes further back in time must therefore make use of the few long available instrumental records or historical documents and natural archives or ‘climate proxy’ indicators, such as tree rings, corals, ice cores and lake sediments, and historical documents to reconstruct patterns of past surface temperature change. Due to the paucity of data in the Southern Hemisphere, recent studies have emphasized the reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere (NH) mean, rather than global mean temperatures over roughly the past 1000 years.


par Mike Mann (traduit par Gilles Delaygue)
Les données intrumentales décrivant les changements à grande échelle de la température de surface ne sont disponibles que pour les derniers 150 ans environ. Pour estimer des changements de température de surface antérieurs, il faut ainsi utiliser les quelques longs enregistrements disponibles, ou des documents historiques, ainsi que des archives naturelles ou proxies climatiques, comme les cernes d’arbres, coraux, carottes de glace et sédiments lacustres, pour reconstruire les changements de température dans le passé. En raison de la rareté des données dans l’hémisphère sud, les études récentes ont été focalisées sur les reconstructions de moyennes pour l’hémisphère nord, plutôt que globales, sur les derniers 1000 ans environ.

[Read more…] about Temperature Variations in Past Centuries and the so-called "Hockey Stick" Variations de température sur les derniers siècles et la "crosse de hockey"

Filed Under: Climate modelling, Climate Science, Greenhouse gases, Paleoclimate, Sun-earth connections

Myth vs. Fact Regarding the "Hockey Stick"

4 Dec 2004 by mike

Numerous myths regarding the so-called "hockey stick" reconstruction of past temperatures, can be found on various non-peer reviewed websites, internet newsgroups and other non-scientific venues. The most widespread of these myths are debunked below:

Una traducción está disponible aquí.
[Read more…] about Myth vs. Fact Regarding the "Hockey Stick"

Filed Under: Paleoclimate

False Claims by McIntyre and McKitrick regarding the Mann et al. (1998) reconstruction

4 Dec 2004 by mike

A number of spurious criticisms regarding the Mann et al (1998) proxy-based temperature reconstruction have been made by two individuals McIntyre and McKitrick ( McIntyre works in the mining industry, while McKitrick is an economist). These criticisms are contained in two manuscripts (McIntyre and McKitrick 2003 and 2004–the latter manuscript was rejected by Nature; both are collectively henceforth referred to as “MM”). MM claim that the main features of the Mann et al (1998–henceforth MBH98) reconstruction, including the “hockey stick” shape of the reconstruction, are artifacts of a) the centering convention used by MBH98 in their Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the North American International Tree Ring Data Bank (‘ITRDB’) data, b) the use of 4 infilled missing annual values (AD 1400-1403) in one tree-ring series (the ‘St. Anne’ Northern Treeline series), and c) the infilling of missing values in some proxy data between 1972 and 1980. Each of these claims are demonstrated to be false below. [Read more…] about False Claims by McIntyre and McKitrick regarding the Mann et al. (1998) reconstruction

Filed Under: Paleoclimate

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