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Antarctic Oscillation (“AAO”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

Measure of the pressure gradient between the polar and subpolar regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Term was introduced by Thompson and Wallace (2000). More information on the AAO can be found here. See also Arctic Oscillation (“AO”).

Filed Under: Glossary

Anthropogenic Forcing

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

Forcing due to human, rather than natural, factors. Such factors include increased greenhouse gas concentrations associated with fossil fuel burning, sulphate aerosols produced as an industrial by-product, human-induced changes in land surface properties among other things.

Filed Under: Glossary

Arctic Oscillation (“AO”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

Measure of the pressure gradient between the polar and subpolar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The term was introduced by Thompson and Wallace (2000). More information on the AO can be found here. See also North Atlantic Oscillation”(NAO”).

Filed Under: Glossary

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (“AMO”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

A multidecadal (50-80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean-atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (“AOGCM”) simulations. This pattern is believed to describe some of the observed early 20th century (1920s-1930s) high-latitude Northern Hemisphere warming and some, but not all, of the high-latitude warming observed in the late 20th century. The term was introduced in a summary by Kerr (2000) of a study by Delworth and Mann (2000).

Filed Under: Glossary

Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (“AOGCM”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

Fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model of the three-dimensional global climate. See also ‘General Circulation Model (GCM)’.

Filed Under: Glossary

Climate Field Reconstruction (“CFR”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Approach to reconstructing a target large-scale climate field from predictors employing multivariate regression methods. CFR methods have been applied both to filling spatial gaps in early instrumental climate data sets, and to the problem of reconstructing past climate patterns from ‘climate proxy’ data.

Filed Under: Glossary

Climate Proxy

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

Climate ‘proxies’ are sources of climate information from natural archives such as tree rings, ice cores, corals, lake and ocean sediments, tree pollen, or human archives such as historical records or diaries, which can be used to estimate climate conditions prior to the modern period (e.g. mid 19th century to date) during which widespread instrumental measurements are available. Proxy indicators typically must be calibrated against modern instrumental information to yield a quantitative reconstruction of past climate.

Filed Under: Glossary

El Niño/Southern Oscillation (“ENSO”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Translations: (Français)

A natural coupled mode of climate variability associated with both surface temperature variations tied to El Niño and atmospheric circulation changes across the equatorial Pacific (see also ‘Southern Oscillation Index’). Term was first coined by Rasmusson and Carpenter (1982). More information on ENSO can be found here.

Filed Under: Glossary

Empirical Orthogonal Function (“EOF”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Spatial pattern tied to a particular mode of time/space variance in a spatiotemporal data set (see also “Principal Components Analysis or “PCA”).

Filed Under: Glossary

Energy Balance Model (“EBM”)

28 Nov 2004 by group

Simple climate model consisting of a uniform ocean and atmosphere that respond thermodynamically, but not dynamically, to changes in radiative forcing.

Filed Under: Glossary

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